朗閣教你在托?？谡Z獨(dú)立任務(wù)中拿高分

托福考試分為獨(dú)立問題和綜合問題。前兩道題，也就是所謂的T1、T2是獨(dú)立問題；后四道題，即T3、T4、T5和T6為綜合問題。獨(dú)立問題通常不需要考生具備某一學(xué)科或每一領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)知識，這就從根本上降低了問題的難度，考生準(zhǔn)備起來也方便了許多。T1通常要求考生主觀描述一件物品、一個事件、一個人或一個地點(diǎn)，結(jié)合實(shí)際經(jīng)驗對問題做出反應(yīng)。T2通常是給出兩種情景讓考生做出選擇或給出一個論點(diǎn)讓考生辯論同意與否。在本質(zhì)上來說，這兩問的主觀性之強(qiáng)決定了它們的難度是比較低的。只要考生能結(jié)合實(shí)例，一般來說分?jǐn)?shù)就不會很低。然而，如果想要拿高分，那么考生們就要首先來了解考官的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么。

美國人的思維和中國人是不一樣的，首先美國人是直線思維，說明你的回答需要順著你的論點(diǎn)一步步深入。其次美國人需要條理清晰的回答，而不是繞來繞去找不到重點(diǎn)。也就是說，你的回答應(yīng)該遵循“論點(diǎn)—論據(jù)1—實(shí)例—論據(jù)2—實(shí)例—論據(jù)3—實(shí)例—總結(jié)”的順序，從而做到開門見山、條理清晰。下面我們通過一個經(jīng)典例題來看一下高分回答具體是什么樣子。

Describe a person who hasinfluenced you most. Use specific examples and details to explain why he or shehas influenced you most.

Sample answer: The personthat has influenced me most, I’d say is my grandpa. He is quite different fromother elderly people I know. He has posed great influence on me because firstof all, he is so mentally youthful and dynamic that makes me even have tointrospect my attitude towards life. I mean, he keeps learning knowledgeregarding almost all the latest high-tech gadgets, and he even knows more abouthow to use the latest applications and software than I do, which I thought washardly realizable for the elders. What’s more, he teaches me to be anoptimistic person. He used to show off and joked on his scars got during hisinvolve in the Second World War. I thought he was optimistic enough so that hecould play jokes on his scars, otherwise he wouldn't be so relaxed when talkingabout those scars. Therefore, that’s why I would say my grandpa has influencedme most.

現(xiàn)在我們來分析一下上面的例子。首先，開門見山地給出了問題的答案mygrandpa, 讓考官直接把握住你的主要論點(diǎn)。然后，用了firstof all、what’smore來給出兩個主要論據(jù)。作者給出的第一個論據(jù)是grandpa的積極向上和活力使我反省自己對待生活的態(tài)度，并用了grandpa喜歡鉆研新的科技產(chǎn)品一事來進(jìn)一步證明他是如何積極向上。第二個論據(jù)是grandpa的樂觀心態(tài)對我產(chǎn)生很大影響。作者用了grandpa開自己傷疤的玩笑來支持此論據(jù)，真實(shí)有力。這樣一來，有了順序，有了細(xì)節(jié)，你的回答就天衣無縫。當(dāng)然，我們建議考生們在平時練習(xí)的時候多準(zhǔn)備一條論據(jù)和例子，以備忘詞或因緊張而縮短答案的狀況之需。下面我們來看看T2的經(jīng)典考題示例：

Shoulda city try to preserve its old, historic buildings or destroy them and replacethem with modern buildings? Use specific reasons to demonstrate your answer.

Personally,I’m in favor of the idea that old and historic buildings should be preserved asthey offer great value to the society. For one thing, these buildings are ofvital importance in illustrating culture, history and tradition. In otherwords, they are the witness and symbol of a particular region’s history.Without them, people would find it hard to get to know the architectural styleof the particular region as well as the living conditions of people in oldtimes in the region. For another thing, old and historic buildings play a pivotalrole in tourism industry for some certain cities. For example, millions oftourists are rushing to the Forbidden City per year to feel the ancient China,which brings vast value to the economic enhancement of Beijing, even of China.As a result, old, historic buildings are not supposed to be destroyed.Conversely, they need to be preserved.

總體看來，本題直奔主題，條理分明，論據(jù)充足。先說出應(yīng)該保護(hù)歷史建筑，然后用了兩個論據(jù)說明歷史建筑的價值。一是歷史建筑代表了文化、歷史和傳統(tǒng)，可以讓人們了解特定地區(qū)特定時期的歷史文化、建筑風(fēng)格和人們的生活環(huán)境。二是歷史建筑能推動旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。答案中舉了故宮的例子來證明歷史建筑為旅游業(yè)，甚至是整個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)做的貢獻(xiàn)是巨大的。通過這兩個示例，我們可以看出，在給出論據(jù)的時候可以多變換一下連接詞，使答案看起來不重復(fù)、不死板，同時還能顯示出詞匯量。示例中用了first of all、what’smore、for one thing、for another thing, 除此之外，還有很多表示增補(bǔ)關(guān)系的連接詞，如：besides、more importantly、moreover、in addition、on the top of it等，這些都可以用來連接論據(jù)。

把握住前兩題的思路邏輯方面的規(guī)則之后，你所需要做的就是平時堅持練習(xí)跟讀。就好像我們聽到外國人說中文的語氣發(fā)音很地道時有一種舒服的感覺一樣，考官聽到你的語音語調(diào)跟美語相似會很舒服，從而對你的回答有了好印象，你得高分的幾率就會比差不多答案的人大很多。所以，每天堅持跟讀是改變你語音語調(diào)基本也是直接的方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上，提高你的思考速度和答題速度，高分將不再是別人的專利。