名師解讀:GRE閱讀如何定位有技巧

了解定位技巧對(duì)于提高GRE閱讀的解題能力有著重要意義，GRE閱讀的句式及結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)決定了它的難度，若想短時(shí)間內(nèi)在GRE閱讀方面獲得飛速提升，難度相當(dāng)大，解題方面更為如此，那我們是否可以另辟蹊徑，找到一種解題的有效方式呢？我們可以這樣去思考：所有閱讀題的答案總是圍繞一篇文章展開，無論題目設(shè)計(jì)的多么離奇，其總能在文章中找到根據(jù)，否則偏離文章的出題是無任何意義的，這就涉及到我們將要談及的定位策略運(yùn)用。往往定位的準(zhǔn)確度決定了解題的正確與否。

一、與題干進(jìn)行首次見面

進(jìn)入正式閱讀之前，先對(duì)所有題干問及的內(nèi)容及對(duì)象進(jìn)行粗略掃描，明確問題所指，大腦中應(yīng)快速形成對(duì)題干及選項(xiàng)的初步印象。

例如：In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, pre modern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bach-fen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.

All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of pre modern cultures EXCEPT

（A） Partial completeness

（B） Restricted accessibility

（C） Difficulty of interpretation

（D） Limited quantity

（E） Tendency toward contradiction

在讀上述題干時(shí)，我們首先需要明確題目所涉及的核心事物為source與pre modern cultures, 之后通過回歸定位法進(jìn)入第一遍閱讀時(shí)，找到有關(guān)source 與pre modern cultures出現(xiàn)的位置，文章黑斜體出現(xiàn)處，即是source的出現(xiàn)位置，其實(shí)source后面所出現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)特征描述分別是選項(xiàng)，A,C,D,E的改寫，接下來利用排除法，我們便能找出B為正確答案。

二、定位TS

不管GRE閱讀文章看起來多么支離破碎，千奇百怪，都會(huì)始終貫穿一個(gè)思想，一條主線，作者往往也會(huì)通過一句話或兩句話的方式闡述其所關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)及對(duì)象，我們既可以將之稱為文章的中心思想，也可以稱之為TS（主題句），TS對(duì)于從宏觀角度把握整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)以及領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的前后所指起到非常大的作用，抓住了TS句也就找到了文章的主脈絡(luò)。TS的出現(xiàn)位置根據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)也會(huì)有所不同，但大體上會(huì)出現(xiàn)上三處：文章開頭，文章中間和文章結(jié)尾。

Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth’s subsurface, the seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid pattern. As each source is activated, it generates a wave train that moves downward at a speed determined uniquely by the rock’s elastic characteristics. As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. The seismic records must be processed to correct for positional differences between the source and the receiver, for unrelated wave trains, and for multiple reflections from the rock interfaces. Then the data acquired at each of the specific source locations are combined to generate a physical profile of the subsurface, which can eventually be used to select targets for drilling.

按照文章的結(jié)構(gòu)來分析，全文主要是針對(duì)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證，作者在文章的第一段的開頭部分就給出明確的結(jié)論，即闡述某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，而下文全是對(duì)此觀點(diǎn)做出的解釋說明和論證。黑斜體部分也是這篇短文的中心句，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的作用。

三、轉(zhuǎn)折詞位

往往一篇文章中轉(zhuǎn)折詞的前后會(huì)成為閱讀的出題點(diǎn)，這點(diǎn)我們必須時(shí)刻保持注意，轉(zhuǎn)折詞的前后往往闡述的內(nèi)容或是對(duì)比，或是對(duì)立，或是讓步，也或是為了鋪墊和某個(gè)過渡。GRE閱讀篇章中常常出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折語氣的詞語包括：however, nonetheless, nevertheless, indeed, actually, in fact等等，對(duì)于這些詞匯，我們定要時(shí)刻小心，遇到需作一下標(biāo)記，而對(duì)與這些轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系需要弄清楚。

譬如：

Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, pre modern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bach?-fen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.

在這段話中，although表示讓步性的轉(zhuǎn)折，理解了這點(diǎn)，我們才能對(duì)現(xiàn)代之前文化資料的特征有所理解。

只有正確的細(xì)節(jié)定位，我們才能精確地將題干中具體的內(nèi)容回歸到定位處，定位與回歸兩者相互聯(lián)系，相互依存，在將原始題干中的問題進(jìn)行回歸時(shí)，我們需要做的就是在具體的問題與文章中作者闡述的與之相關(guān)聯(lián)的內(nèi)容之間建立一種聯(lián)系，一篇GRE文章，通常題干的選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容基本已做改寫，只要我們將這種改寫看成是作者對(duì)同一問題的兩種描述即可。