廣州莘博英語(yǔ)學(xué)校

7x24小時(shí)咨詢熱線

400-660-3310

當(dāng)前位置 : 好學(xué)校 廣州莘博英語(yǔ)學(xué)校 學(xué)習(xí)資訊 資訊詳情

新概念英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo):定語(yǔ)從句

2015-02-02

新概念英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)-定語(yǔ)從句

知識(shí)要點(diǎn):

一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念

在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。

三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類

根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、關(guān)系代詞的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))

2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))

3.who, whom用于指人,who用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))

注意:

(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year. 這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。

(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。

(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況:

a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。

b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which。例如:

This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which。例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。

e. 以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?

f. 主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a. 先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that。例如:

What's that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that。例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。

c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that。例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。

五、關(guān)系副詞的用法

(1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如:

This was the time when he arrived. 這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。

(2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如:

This is place where he works. 這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。

(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

六、which 和 as

在定語(yǔ)從句的非限制性定語(yǔ)中,which 和as 是容易混淆的。在很多情況下兩者兼可互換,但在下列情況中不可互換:

(1)通常as 可以放在整句的句首,而which 只能在逗號(hào)之后,as 本身含有“正如”,as 在定語(yǔ)從句中既可是主語(yǔ)也可做賓語(yǔ)。

As appear from her paper, she has read widely in Romantic literature.

She is remarkable, as I have told you .

(2)which 在做非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí)可以無(wú)明確先行詞,指前句整個(gè)的意思,如:She has married again, which surprises us.

七、all that 和 what

在定語(yǔ)從句中,許多人往往分不清all that 和what,what 實(shí)際上只引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,它相當(dāng)于all that 兩個(gè)字,例如:

All that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.

= What I know is that he has...

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】

1.Football ______ is a very interesting game , is played all over the world.

A.that B.which C.it D.who

2.Is there anything else ______ you require?

A.which B.that C.who D.what

3.The last place ______ we visited was the Great Wall.

A.which B.that C.where D.it

4.He talked happily about the men and books ______ interested him greatly in the school.

A.which B.who C.it D.that

5.The realway tunnel, through ______ the train goes, will be completed soon.

A.which B.that C.it D.whom

6.His uncle works in a factory ______ bicycles are made.

A.that B.which C.where D.there

7.There is no dictionary ______ you can find everything.

A.that B.which C.where D.in that

8.Next month, ______ you’ll spend in your hometown is coming.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

9.Next month, ______ you’ll be in your hometown is coming.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

10.I often thought of my childhood, ______ I lived on a farm.

A.which B.where C.when D.who

KEYS

1 B 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 C

收藏
分享到:

相關(guān)課程

相關(guān)資訊

廣州莘博英語(yǔ)學(xué)校

廣州莘博英語(yǔ)學(xué)校

認(rèn)證等級(jí)

信譽(yù)良好,可安心報(bào)讀

廣州莘博英語(yǔ)學(xué)校

已獲好學(xué)校V2信譽(yù)等級(jí)認(rèn)證

信譽(yù)值

  • (60-80)基礎(chǔ)信譽(yù)積累,可放心報(bào)讀
  • (81-90)良好信譽(yù)積累,可持續(xù)信賴
  • (91-100)充分信譽(yù)積累,推薦報(bào)讀

與好學(xué)校簽訂讀書保障協(xié)議:

  • 100%
  • 1
  • 7777
在線咨詢
;